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Francis Wheler
Sir Francis Wheler (sometimes spelt Wheeler) (1656 – 19 February 1694) was an officer of the Royal Navy who served during the Nine Years' War.
Wheler spent the early part of his career in the Mediterranean, eventually being promoted to command his own ships, and being particularly active against the Algerine and Salé pirates that infested the region. He went on to serve in British waters, and was knighted by King James II. Wheler remained in the navy after the Glorious Revolution and his continued good service led to the command of a squadron. He fought at Beachy Head and Barfleur, and in 1692 was promoted to flag rank. He took a fleet out to attack French possessions in the Caribbean and North America, but his attack on Martinique ended in failure when large numbers of the troops involved became sick. He floated the idea of an attack on Quebec, but insufficient troops could be found, and an assault on Newfoundland was similarly considered but rejected after the defences were found to be too great to overcome. Wheler nevertheless received another promotion, and went out to the Mediterranean in command of a large convoy. He made little attempt to engage the French warships he encountered on the voyage, but concentrated on reaching Cadiz safely. After successfully escorting the convoy Wheler attempted to navigate the strait of Gibraltar, but encountered fierce winds. His fleet was scattered and a number of ships were wrecked, while his flagship, , foundered with heavy loss of life early in the morning of 19 February 1694. Wheler was among the dead, his body being washed up two days later.
==Family and early life==
Francis Wheler was born in 1656, a younger son of Sir Charles Wheler and his wife Dorothy, daughter of Sir Francis Bindlosse. He entered the navy and on 30 April 1678 was appointed second-lieutenant aboard by Vice-Admiral Sir Arthur Herbert, while serving in the Mediterranean. Wheler continued in ''Rupert'' under Sir John Narborough, who promoted him to first-lieutenant on 5 May 1679, and on 6 April 1680 moved aboard at the same rank, serving under Herbert again.〔〔 Herbert appointed Wheler to post-captain on 11 September 1680 and gave him command of . On 8 April 1681 he came across a British ship, under Captain Booth, fighting an Algerine pirate ship named ''Golden Horse''.〔 The ''Golden Horse'' had been on the point of surrendering, but mistaking Wheler's ship for one of his allies, fought on until ''Nonsuch'' came up and hoisted her colours, at which the pirate vessel surrendered.〔 Serving as ''Nonsuch''s master at the time was John Benbow, who was later court-martialed for his comments regarding ''Adventure''s fighting ability.〔
Wheler took command of on 9 August 1681 and in October fought an action against a large Salé pirate vessel, named ''Admiral of Salé''. The pirate ship put up a spirited defence, and sustained so much damage that she sank shortly after surrendering to Wheler. Wheler's next command was , which he was appointed to on 25 August 1683. He commanded her until August 1688, when he was moved to by King James II, and moved again on 16 November by the King to . It was about this time that Wheler received a knighthood from the King.〔〔 Wheler remained in the navy after the Glorious Revolution, and in April 1689 was sent to join his old patron Sir Arthur Herbert, by now Earl of Torrington.〔 Torrington had however been engaged at the indecisive Battle of Bantry Bay, and returned to port before Wheler could join him. Wheler's voyage was not entirely unsuccessful, for he had captured a large and valuable merchant ship bound for Brest from St Domingo.〔
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